Hand-tool.



W. A. BERNARD.

HAND TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 27, 1914.

1,164,981. Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

lV/TNESSES IN I li/VTOA.

WILLIAM A. BERNARD, or NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, AssIGNo'E ro THE WILLIAM SCHOLLHORN COMPANY, OF NEW HAVEN, 'ooNNEorIoUr, A ooEroRATIoN OF CONNECTICUT. v

HAND-TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

Application filed June27, 1914. Serial No. 847,693.

' To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. BERNARD,

a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hand-Tools, of

which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

' This invention relates to hand tools of the pound lever type which is relatively short and compact, and which possesses all of the advantages of the compound leverage without being cumbersome and expensive.

.To this end, the invention consists in the novel features and combinations of parts,

more fully explained hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a tool embodying my improvement with the jaws opened; Fig. 2 isa view from the opposite side with the jaws closed; Fig. 3 is a top view of Fig. 1;

' Fig. 4.

Fig; 4: is a transverse section through the 10 will act aslevers of the second kind or I i order, the resistance or load being located between .the fulcrum (11) and the points where the power is applied, 2'. 6., the rear end portions of the lever handles.

In the example illustrated, the levers 10 are made of sheet metal bent up into U-shaped -cross-section. The forward end portion of each lever 10 is bifurcated or forked, as shown at 13, in order to straddle the rear end portion of the corresponding lever 7. The pins 12 are driven through both arms or branches of the fork, and through the interposed portion of the lever 7 and are upset at the ends as customary. One of the levers 10 is deflected laterally at its forward extremity, as shown at 14, in order to straddle the forward extremity of the other lever 10, and the pivot pin 11 pivot connecting the lever handles; and Fig. passed through and interconnects the levers 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal section, .10 at the point where one lever straddles the partly in elevation, of the parts shown in other, 2'. e., where the levers overlap each other. A spring wire 15-coiled about the Ihave shown my improvements as applied pivot 11 has one end portion 16 abutting to a tool known asa diagonal 'nipper, one of the levers 7 and another end portion the jaws 6 of the tool being furnished with cutting edges 6" arranged diagonally or ob-' liquely of'the lengthwise axis of the tool.

' the forward ends of crossed lever members 7, which are pivoted together by a bolt 8 having a nut 9. The jaws are located in "front'of the pivot, and. the'levers are pro- 16 abutting the other lever, 7, as shown in normally holds the jaws 6 in an open position. The levers 7 may be slightly recessed adjacent to the pin 11, as shown at 17, in Fig. 5, if this is necessary to permit the rear ends of the levers 7 to be brought together sufiiciently to close the jaws 6.

It will be observed that the Ward end portions of the operating levers are substantially inline with the rear end portions of the corresponding working levers 7 to which they arepivoted, and that said forked portions extendov'er' and subforked fori stantially cover the rear end portions of the levers 7 between the pivots 12 and the pivot 11. By this arrangement, the tool may be made of very handy, compact shape without any inconveniently projecting parts.

When the leverhandles 10 are forced together they will exert leverage on the rear ends of the levers 7 thereby closing the jaws. When the levers 10 are released, the spring 15 will again open the jaws in an obvious manner. Inasmuch as the pivots 12 are much closer to the pivot 11 than are the portions of the levers 10 grasped by the hands of the operator, and as thejaws in turn are .closer to the pivot 8 than are the pivots 12,

the tool is quite powerful and pieces of wire, or the like, can be cut, or other work done, with considerable speed and without the'expenditure of much energy on the part of the operator in forcing the handles together. By making the handles as levers of the second order, as above explained, the length of the tool is reduced to a minimum without sacrificing the power developed.

Various changes may be made in the details of the construction without departing from the invention as defined in the claims.

What I claim is 1. In a hand tool, the combination of a pair of levers pivoted together intermediate of their ends, jaws actuated by said levers, operatingdevers constructed of sheet metal and having forked forward portions, one

of said forked portions straddling the other,

a pivot member passing through said forked forward portions of said operating levers at the forward extremities of said levers and pivoting them together, the rear extremities of said first named levers lying in the same plane and being extended into the respective forked portions of said operating lethroughsaid'forked forward end portions and pivoting said operating levers together, the rear extremities of said working levers being extended into therespective forked end portions of said operating levers with their inner edges in close proximity to said pivot, and means for pivoting the rear ex. 7 tremities of said working levers in the rear partsof the respective forked portions of the operating levers, said forked portions being substantially in line with the rear extremities of said working levers, and extending over and substantially covering the same; substantially as described.

3. In a hand tool, the combination of a pair of working levers pivoted together intermediate of their ends, operating levers -having forked forward end portions, one of said forked end portions straddling the other, a pivot member passing through said forked end portions of said operating levers at the forward extremities of the latter and pivoting said levers together, means for pivoting the rear. extremities of said work- I ing levers in the rear parts of the respective forked end portions of the operating levers at the rear of said pivot member, said forked portions extending over and being substantially inline with the rear portions of the respective working levers, and a spring supported by said pivot member and acting on said working levers; substantially as described.

4. In a hand tool, the combination of a pair of crossed levers pivoted together intermediate of their ends, jaws actuated by said levers, a pair of operating levers, a pin pivoting said operating levers. together at their forward ends, means for pivoting the rear ends of said first named levers to said operating levers intermediate of the ends of said operating levers, and a spring encircling said pivot pin and having end portions to engage the inner edgesof'said working levers and thereby hold the jaws open; substantially as described.

5. In a hand tool, the combination of a pair of crossed working levers pivoted together intermediate of their ends, jaws actuated by said levers, a pair of operating levers pivoted intermediate of their ends to therear extremities of the respective working levers, the forward extremities of said operating levers being forked and strad dling each other, a pin pivoting together the forked extremities of said operating levers, anda spring encircling said pin within said forked extremities of saidoperating levers, and having its end portions extending rearwardly from said pin and engaging the inner edges of said working levers ad acentto the pivotal connection of said working levers with said operating levers; substantially as described. 1

6. In a hand tool, the combination of a pair of crossed working leverspivoted to-v gether intermediate of their ends and having recesses at their inner edges ad acent to their rear extremities, jaws actuated by said levers, a pair ofoperating levers having forked forward portions straddling each other, a pin passingthroughthe forward extremities of said forked portions and plv- Oting said operating levers together, sald pin located between the recesses 1n the rear ends of said working levers, means for p1voting the rear extremities of said working 7? levers inthe rear parts of the respect ipie" ties of said working levers to normally se a- 10 forked portions of the operating leversfiaid rate said jaws; substantially as describe forked portions being substantiallyin line In witness whereof, I have hereunto set with the rear portions of the respective my hand on the'26th day of June, 1914.

working levers and extending over and sub- 1 WILLIAM BERNARD stantial ly. covering the same, and atspring encircling said pivot pin within the forked Witnesses: portionsof said operating levers and having E. ROCKWELL, its .end portions engaging the rear extremi- M. O. WILLIAMS. 

